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Russia
- The travel risk profile varies based on the individual along with differences across regions. Travelers should be aware of geopolitical tensions, crime, and the arbitrary application of local laws by authorities.
- The security environment is volatile due to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine; Ukrainian drone strikes have caused infrastructural damage to buildings in Moscow in recent months.
- Environmental risks include severe winter weather and pollution in industrial regions, impacting air quality and general health.
Risk Factors
- Western nationals may face harassment and discrimination from law enforcement and other security services. The Russian government has been known to arbitrarily detain foreigners for extended periods.
- Avoid engaging in political discussions or activities related to the Ukraine conflict. Stay informed about the local sentiment and avoid areas known for public agitation and unrest.
- Do not participate in protests or political gatherings. Be aware that authorities may crack down on political opposition, and being in such areas can pose significant risks.
- Petty theft such as pickpocketing, bag snatching, and muggings are common, especially in tourist areas, markets, and transport hubs. Travelers are advised to stay vigilant and secure their belongings, particularly near tourist sites in Moscow such as Red Square, Tsverskoy District, and Zamoskvorechye District. Violent crime is rare in areas frequented by foreign nationals.
- Drink-spiking incidents leading to robbery or violence have been reported; avoid engaging in discussions with strangers and never leave drinks unattended.
- The risk of kidnapping for foreign nationals is low, with higher risks in the North Caucasus region due to political motives or criminal groups. Kidnappings are rare in major cities.
- Use official taxi services such as YandexTaxi or Gett. Official taxis are usually marked with a yellow color and have a taxi sign on the roof. These services have mobile apps that allow you to book and pay for rides safely. Avoid hailing taxis on the street to reduce the risk of overcharging or scams.
- Driving rules and their enforcement can be inconsistent. Always adhere to speed limits, wear seat belts, and avoid driving at night in rural areas. Consider renting a car with a driver if unfamiliar with local driving conditions.
- Road quality varies significantly across Russia. In rural areas, roads can be poorly maintained and hazardous, especially during harsh weather.
- While comprehensive, public transportation systems have been targets of past terror attacks. Maintain heightened awareness and vigilance, especially in busy areas like metro stations and buses. Use apps like YandexMetro or Moovit for navigation and updates on public transit.
- Islamist militants have previously carried out attacks in Moscow, Volgograd, and St. Petersburg. Limit time spent near key terrorism targets, to include crowded public spaces, transport hubs (e.g., train stations, metro systems), popular tourist attractions, and government buildings.
- Recent attacks in Moscow underline the need for extra caution when visiting crowded places, including concerts and party events. Avoid large gatherings if possible.
- The risk of terrorism is elevated in the North Caucasus. Avoid travel to Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia, and Kabardino-Balkaria.
- Large swaths of the country are remote, making it difficult for travelers to get emergency assistance. Sudden snowfall can also make road travel difficult in and out of major cities in the winter.
- For overland travel, particularly in winter, confirm the vehicle is well-maintained, verify means of communication, and avoid self-driving.
- Strict regulations and surveillance in Russia can impact foreigners significantly. Activities perceived as politically sensitive can result in fines, detention or expulsion.
- Social attitudes remain conservative and LGBTQ+ individuals can face discrimination or harassment; risks to LGBTQ+ individuals are elevated in southwestern regions, including Chechnya.
- Avoid travel to Bryansk, Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh, Rostov, Krasnodar due to ongoing martial law and restrictive measures like curfews and movement restrictions.
- Security risks are notably elevated in the North Caucasus due to higher risks of crime, kidnapping and terrorism due to an embedded presence of militant groups. Avoid non-essential travel to the North Caucasus region, including Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia, and Kabardino-Balkaria.
- Avoid travel to areas near the Ukrainian border, such as Rostov-on-Don and Voronezh, due to the ongoing conflict.